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#!!/&nbsp; !/</a></div> <div style="font-family:Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;font-size:14px;"><p class='pcAuthor'><span class='pcName'>Irina Batrakova</span><span class='pcAffil'>, North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov</span><span class='pcPosition'>, Associate Professor</span><span class='pcDegree'>, CSc in Philosophy</span></p> <p class='pcTitleD'>The definition of idea developed in post-Platonic classic philosophy</p><p class='tcKeywords'>Plato, idea, being, thinking, universal, definiteness, intellectual intuition, dialectic of idea</p><br /> <p class='hcAbstract'>The presentation examines the main milestones in the development of the concept of an idea in the history of classical philosophy after Plato both in terms of the development of content and in the form of thinking. The concept of the idea is introduced by Plato as an attempt to cognize the universal content of being in the corresponding universal form of thinking. After the nomination of Parmenides for the notion of being, the main problem for thought was the explanation of the relation between the being of the conceivable and the sensible, the existence of the universal and the special, the mind and empirical visibility. The presentation examines Plato s criticism of the abstraction of the existence of Parmenides, the statement of the problem of the certainty of the idea, of universal being, supersensible in relation to non-being, sensual, individual. The Platonic dialectic of the idea came out as a way of solving this problem (Parmenides, Sophist, and Phileb). Specific types of ideas are not viewed abstractly in isolation, but as speakers in the necessary correlation with the other, as the unity of opposites of identity and difference, limit and limitless, single and many. The highest idea, the most universal, the idea of the good, acts as the unconditional foundation and supreme goal of all that exists, in cognition is the result of a rational dialectical ascent through genera and species, special ideas. The idea of the good causes the unity of thought and being, the possibility of conceivable being conceivable (<I>Republic</i>).&nbsp;</p> <p class='hcAbstract'>Aristotle continues Plato s ongoing comprehension of universal unity, ideas, developing such definitions as entelechy and  thinking thinking. Stoics subject to comprehension the universal being by means of the concept of the Logos and introduces the concept of an innate idea. Skeptics are unconditionally grounded in self-awareness. Thanks to Neoplatonism, the idea of the Good, the  thinking of thinking develops into an intellectual cosmos having a dialectic genesis. Defined by Plato, the task of descending in a reasonable movement through genera and species from the idea of the good to the sensual gets its decoration here. In this case, the idea, universal being and the unified becomes the necessary moment of its certainty as a self-consciousness, cognitive activity, ecstasy. The dualism of the idea and the sensual, abstractly universal and abstractly individual is consolidated in medieval scholasticism with the painful search for unity. The very kingdom of the particular is divided into a dualism of ideas and things, into subjective and objective ideas in the New Time. The undoubted merit of Descartes is the return to the Platonic-Augustinian idea of the Good, the perfect thinking substance given exclusively to reason as the unity of concept and being and therefore the universal basis of two special ideas, two substances, res cogitans and res extensio. Thanks to Descartes, a moment of endless subjectivity and freedom of thought emerged as a necessary moment of the definiteness of the idea, the universal. Transcendental idealism developed a subjective idea, or idea in the form of subjectivity, that is, as a transcendental idea, and developed the form of thought, idea to its universality, in particular, through the development of the concept of a synthetic universal in Kant and Fichte. Because of this, in his natural philosophy, Schelling proceeded to develop the content of the idea to its universal definiteness, to the discovery of the absolute identity of the subjective and objective idea. The way of understanding the idea - intellectual intuition - remained a special form of thinking of the idea as a universal content, beginning with Plato to Schelling, which was historically justified in developing the very form and content of the idea. However, even for Schelling, intellectual intuition became an obstacle to the development of the definiteness of the absolute identity of the subjective and objective idea and an understanding of their genesis. Therefore, the great merit of Hegel is the unfolding of the definiteness of the idea as a substance-subject, as an absolute idea, which is the eternal process of the concrete universal unity of the opposites of being and thinking, due to the development of a positive-reasonable way of thinking, dialectics of universal negativity. In this sense, the general dialectic of Hegel s idea is a worthy completion of the process of development of the definiteness of the universal being, the idea begun by Plato and Aristotle.</p> </div> </td> <td style="background:url(tabs/tii_69.png) repeat-y"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="tabs/tii_72.png" alt="" /></td> <td style="background:url(tabs/tii_74.png) repeat-x"></td> <td><img src="tabs/tii_79.png" alt="" /></td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style='text-align:right'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;'>© ;0B>=>2A:>5 >1I5AB2>, 2018 3. </span></p> <p align="right" style='margin-top:0mm;margin-right:3pt;margin-bottom: 0mm;margin-left:-36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:right'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;'><a href="../index3.htm">  !!# $ &</a></span></b></p> <!-- InstanceEndEditable --> </td> </tr> </tbody> </body> <!-- InstanceEnd --></html>