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#!!/&nbsp; !/</a></div> <div style="font-family:Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;font-size:14px;"><p class='pcAuthor'><span class='pcName'>Aleksander Sinitsyn</span><span class='pcAffil'>, Russian Christian Academy for the Humanities; St Petersburg State University, Institute of Philosophy</span><span class='pcPosition'>, Associate Professor</span><span class='pcDegree'>, CSc in History</span></p> <p class='pcTitleD'>The Soviet Socrates: the Ancient Sage and the Vices of Capitalism in Georgy Shchukin s Film <i>The Paradise Apples</i></p><p class='tcKeywords'>Socrates, Plato, Ancient Greek philosopher, cinema, propaganda, political pamphlet, Georgy Shchukin, <I>The Paradise Apples</i>, Martti Larni, <I>Socrates in Helsinki</i>, R. Rossellini, USSR, Western democracy, socialism <i>vs</i> capitalism, our wise man</p><br /> <p class='hcAbstract'>The character of Socrates, the Athenian thinker forever searching for truth, a kindly, ironic debater with his endless queer questions, a wise tutor instilling virtues in his young charges, and a staunch advocate of justice is an image of a hero philosopher for years to come. Socrates, as he appears in the exchanges between his grateful disciples, Plato and Xenophon, has outgrown a mere legend to become something greater, perchance one of the most interesting and enigmatic figures of the ancient times. There is hardly anyone, if at all, in the realm of culture and politics from the ancient times onwards to match Socrates in popularity and demand except perhaps Pericles, the celebrated Athenian  Olympian statesman, his older contemporary. The fight for  our Socrates instigated by ideologists has been on for twenty five centuries. It happened in the Middle Ages and in the Modern Age, but it was especially impactful in the last century. Last but not least, cinematograph proved highly instrumental here. &nbsp;</p> <p class='hcAbstract'>In 1974, Georgy Shchukin released his feature film <I>The Paradise Apples </i>( Mosfilm , 1973) to be shown in the Soviet cinema houses. The film was loosely based on the story entitled <I>Socrates in Helsinki</i> by a Finnish writer, Martti Larni. The setting of <I>The Paradise Apples</i> is relocated from the Finnish capital to Greece, closer to the home land of the historical Socrates, yet not to the School of Hellas, Athens, but to a factitious Laconia (though all names and signs  billboards, advertisements, newspaper texts, names of streets, salons, shops, <i>etc</i>.  are given in English, not in Greek). The authors themselves defined the genre of the motion picture as a satirical dramedy. The <I>Paradise Apples </i>shows a generalized character of the capitalist  paradise , with all its variegated flaws. G. B. Shchukin s picture represents Socrates in the Soviet style  he is the conscience of the Age and <i>our</i> <i>hero</i> condemning the vices of capitalism (prostitutes and beauty competitions, avarice and duplicity of ministers, injustice of the police, crackdown on demonstrations, jazz, rock, club dancing, entertainment shows and other sores of society, unacceptable for the people of the Soviet regime). &nbsp;</p> <p class='hcAbstract'>The discussion of <I>The Paradise Apples</i> highlights two aspects. The first one: at the turn of the 1970s the interest in Plato, the Plato themes, notions and heroes, in particular, Socrates, is on the rise (and not only among the historians of Antiquity and scholars). Indicative of this were the monumental project of the academic edition of Plato s works in three volumes (four books) published in 1968 1972 and the second volume of A. F. Losev s <I>History of Ancient Aesthetics </i>devoted to the classical age: Sophists, Socrates, Plato. F. Kh. Kessidi, V. F. Asmus, V. S. Nersesyants, I. D. Rozhansky and others had their articles and monographs published. Edvard Radzinsky wrote a play <I>Talks with Socrates</i>, which was put on the stage and was on at Soviet theatres throughout the 1970s; in 1968 M. Larni s <I>Socrates in Helsinki</i> was translated into Russian <i>et al</i>. One may say that this epoch saw the consolidation of the  Soviet Socrates and  Soviet Plato. &nbsp;</p> <p class='hcAbstract'>The second aspect may well be outlined as follows: Shchukin s film was  our answer to Chamberlain . In 1971 Roberto Rossellini, the renowned Italian director, made a film <I>Socrates</i>. The leading superpowers were engaged in the struggle for the outer space, the Moon; the arms race, the ideological war and the rivalry of the two systems for spheres of influence in third world countries were underway& Likewise, Socrates was a coveted object of war, for Socrates, alien to the capitalist world, <i>our</i> Socrates could not possibly feel for the avid, mendacious, rotten in amusements, world of <I>The Paradise Apples</i>. At least, this is how it looks in hindsight, almost half a century later. &nbsp;</p> <p class='hcAbstract'>And in large measure the authors of this satiric dramedy were right& </p> </div> </td> <td style="background:url(tabs/tii_69.png) repeat-y"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="tabs/tii_72.png" alt="" /></td> <td style="background:url(tabs/tii_74.png) repeat-x"></td> <td><img src="tabs/tii_79.png" alt="" /></td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style='text-align:right'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;'>© ;0B>=>2A:>5 >1I5AB2>, 2018 3. </span></p> <p align="right" style='margin-top:0mm;margin-right:3pt;margin-bottom: 0mm;margin-left:-36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:right'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;'><a href="../index3.htm">  !!# $ &</a></span></b></p> <!-- InstanceEndEditable --> </td> </tr> </tbody> </body> <!-- InstanceEnd --></html>